Ap World Unit 7 Review

AP World History Unit 7 Review: The Globalized World (1900-Present)

This comprehensive review covers AP World History Unit 7, focusing on the period from 1900 to the present. We'll explore the key themes, major events, and significant individuals that shaped this era of unprecedented globalization, technological advancement, and interconnectedness. Understanding this unit is crucial for success on the AP World History exam, as it encompasses significant changes in global power dynamics, economic systems, and social structures. This guide will help you master the complexities of Unit 7, equipping you to confidently tackle any exam question.

I. Introduction: A World Transformed

Unit 7 of AP World History marks a significant shift from previous periods. The 20th and 21st centuries saw an acceleration of interconnectedness, driven by technological advancements in communication and transportation. This era is characterized by global conflicts, decolonization, the rise of new superpowers, the emergence of multinational corporations, and increasing environmental concerns. Understanding these interconnected themes is crucial for navigating the complexities of this period. We'll delve into the major events, processes, and changes that define this transformative era.

II. The First and Second World Wars and Their Aftermath: A World Reshaped

The two World Wars fundamentally reshaped the global landscape. World War I, triggered by complex political and nationalistic tensions, led to the collapse of empires and the redrawing of boundaries. The subsequent Treaty of Versailles contributed to future instability, fostering resentment and contributing to the rise of extremist ideologies. World War II, a global conflict of even greater scale and devastation, resulted in the emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War.

• Key Concepts: The impact of total war, the role of nationalism and imperialism, the rise of fascism and communism, the Holocaust, the atomic bomb, and the creation of the United Nations.
• Significant Individuals: Woodrow Wilson, Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt.

The aftermath of these wars brought about significant changes: the formation of international organizations like the United Nations aimed at preventing future conflicts, the rise of the Cold War, and the beginning of the process of decolonization in Asia and Africa. The devastating impact of these wars also spurred significant social and political changes across the globe.

III. Decolonization and the Emergence of New Nations: A Wave of Independence

The period after World War II witnessed a significant wave of decolonization across Asia and Africa. Nationalist movements, fueled by the weakening of European empires and the ideals of self-determination, led to the independence of numerous colonies. This process was not always peaceful; many newly independent nations faced challenges such as civil wars, economic instability, and the legacy of colonial rule.

• Key Concepts: Nationalism, Pan-Africanism, Non-Aligned Movement, Cold War proxy conflicts, the impact of neocolonialism.
• Significant Individuals: Mahatma Gandhi, Kwame Nkrumah, Ho Chi Minh, Jomo Kenyatta.

The emergence of numerous newly independent nations significantly altered the global political landscape, creating a more multipolar world and increasing the representation of non-European voices on the international stage. However, many of these new nations struggled with the challenges of nation-building, often facing internal conflicts and economic hardship.

IV. The Cold War: A Global Struggle for Influence

The Cold War, a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union, dominated the latter half of the 20th century. This ideological struggle played out across the globe, leading to proxy wars, arms races, and the division of the world into competing blocs. The Cold War's influence extended beyond military competition, shaping economic policies, cultural exchanges, and social movements worldwide.

• Key Concepts: Containment, détente, the arms race, proxy wars (e.g., Korea, Vietnam), the space race, the fall of the Berlin Wall.
• Significant Individuals: Harry S. Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Nikita Khrushchev, Mikhail Gorbachev.

The Cold War’s legacy continues to shape international relations today. The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked the end of this era, but its influence on global politics and power dynamics remains palpable. The end of the Cold War also led to a period of optimism, but also new challenges and uncertainties.

V. Globalization and Economic Interdependence: A Shrinking World

The late 20th and early 21st centuries witnessed an unprecedented acceleration of globalization, driven by advancements in technology and communication. This interconnectedness has led to increased economic interdependence, the rise of multinational corporations, and the spread of global culture. However, globalization has also been accompanied by concerns about economic inequality, environmental degradation, and the loss of cultural diversity.

• Key Concepts: Multinational corporations, free trade agreements (e.g., NAFTA, WTO), global financial institutions (e.g., IMF, World Bank), outsourcing, globalization's impact on culture and environment.
• Significant Individuals: Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, various leaders of international organizations.

The rise of global capitalism has led to increased wealth creation but has also contributed to vast disparities between rich and poor nations. Understanding the complexities of globalization, its benefits, and its drawbacks, is vital for comprehending the modern world.

VI. Technological Advancements and Their Impact: A Rapid Pace of Change

The 20th and 21st centuries have seen remarkable technological advancements that have profoundly impacted human life. From the development of the internet and personal computers to medical breakthroughs and genetic engineering, these innovations have reshaped communication, transportation, and medicine. However, these advancements also pose ethical and societal challenges.

• Key Concepts: The Internet, biotechnology, medical advancements, the Green Revolution, nuclear technology, its impact on warfare and environmental concerns.

The rapid pace of technological advancement continues to redefine the human experience, presenting both opportunities and challenges. The ethical implications of these advancements require careful consideration.

VII. Environmental Concerns and Sustainability: A Planet Under Pressure

The 20th and 21st centuries have seen increasing awareness of environmental problems, including climate change, pollution, and deforestation. These challenges have become increasingly urgent, requiring global cooperation to mitigate their impact and pursue sustainable development.

• Key Concepts: Climate change, pollution, deforestation, sustainable development, environmental movements.

Addressing environmental concerns is crucial for the future of humanity. Understanding the interconnectedness of environmental issues and their impact on various aspects of human life is a key element of this unit.

VIII. Cultural Exchange and the Spread of Ideas: A Globalized Culture

Globalization has led to increased cultural exchange, influencing the spread of ideas, values, and practices across the globe. While this exchange can lead to increased understanding and tolerance, it can also lead to cultural homogenization and the erosion of local traditions.

• Key Concepts: Cultural diffusion, cultural imperialism, global media, the impact of migration on culture.

Navigating the complexities of cultural exchange and its impact on local cultures requires a nuanced understanding of the forces driving globalization and their consequences.

IX. Challenges of the 21st Century: A Complex and Uncertain Future

The 21st century presents a complex array of challenges, including terrorism, regional conflicts, economic instability, and pandemics. Addressing these challenges requires global cooperation and a comprehensive understanding of the interconnectedness of global events.

• Key Concepts: Terrorism, regional conflicts (e.g., Middle East), economic crises, pandemics (e.g., COVID-19), global migration.

Understanding the complexities of these challenges is critical for comprehending the contemporary world and its future trajectory.

X. Conclusion: A Continuing Narrative

Unit 7 of AP World History covers a dynamic and rapidly changing period. Mastering this unit requires understanding the complex interplay of political, economic, social, and environmental factors. By grasping the key themes and events discussed in this review, you will be well-prepared to analyze primary and secondary sources, formulate well-supported arguments, and succeed on the AP World History exam. Remember to focus on the interconnectedness of events and the long-term consequences of major changes. Thorough study and a solid understanding of the causality between events will ensure your success.

XI. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

• Q: What are the most important themes in Unit 7?

  • A: Globalization, decolonization, the Cold War, technological advancements, environmental concerns, and the challenges of the 21st century are all crucial themes.

• Q: How can I best prepare for the AP World History exam on Unit 7?

  • A: Practice analyzing primary and secondary sources, create timelines of key events, and focus on understanding cause-and-effect relationships between historical events. Review past AP exams and practice writing essays.

• Q: What specific skills are tested in Unit 7?

  • A: The exam tests your ability to analyze historical sources, construct arguments using evidence, contextualize events within a larger historical framework, and demonstrate an understanding of diverse perspectives.

• Q: Are there any specific individuals I should focus on studying?

  • A: While there are many significant individuals, focusing on those mentioned in this review and others who represent key turning points or significant movements will be beneficial.

• Q: How does Unit 7 connect to previous units?

  • A: Unit 7 builds upon the themes and concepts explored in previous units, such as imperialism, nationalism, and industrialization, showing how these historical processes shaped the 20th and 21st centuries.

By addressing these frequently asked questions, we aim to provide a comprehensive guide to effectively navigate the intricacies of AP World History Unit 7. Remember that consistent effort and a structured approach to learning are key to success. Good luck with your studies!