Apush Unit 6 Progress Check

APUSH Unit 6 Progress Check: Mastering the Gilded Age and Progressive Era

The APUSH Unit 6 Progress Check covers a pivotal period in American history: the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era (roughly 1870-1917). This era witnessed immense industrial growth, unprecedented immigration, and significant social and political change, all culminating in the rise of progressivism as a response to the excesses of the Gilded Age. Successfully navigating this progress check requires a comprehensive understanding of key concepts, individuals, and events. This article will provide a detailed overview to help you ace it.

I. The Gilded Age (1870s-1900s): A Time of Extremes

The Gilded Age, a term coined by Mark Twain, perfectly encapsulates the era's paradoxical nature. While outwardly appearing glittering with wealth and progress, beneath the surface lay significant social and economic inequalities. This period saw the rise of industrial titans like Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and J.P. Morgan, who built vast fortunes through ruthless competition and innovative business practices. This led to the concentration of wealth in the hands of a few, creating a stark contrast with the poverty and harsh working conditions experienced by many.

Key Concepts and Themes:

• Industrialization: The rapid expansion of industries, driven by technological advancements like the Bessemer process (steel production) and the rise of railroads, transformed the American economy. This led to mass production, urbanization, and the growth of big businesses.
• Laissez-faire Capitalism: The government adopted a largely hands-off approach to the economy, believing in minimal regulation and allowing businesses to operate with minimal interference. This fostered economic growth but also allowed for monopolies and exploitative labor practices.
• Robber Barons vs. Captains of Industry: A debate continues regarding the legacy of these industrial leaders. Some viewed them as "robber barons," accumulating wealth through unethical means, while others considered them "captains of industry," driving innovation and economic progress.
• Urbanization: Millions migrated from rural areas to cities in search of work, leading to overcrowded slums, inadequate sanitation, and social problems.
• Immigration: Large-scale immigration, primarily from Europe and Asia, added to the growing urban populations and contributed to the diversity of American society but also fueled nativism and anti-immigrant sentiment.
• Labor Movements: In response to harsh working conditions and low wages, workers organized into unions like the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor (AFL) to fight for better pay, shorter hours, and improved working conditions. Events like the Haymarket Riot and the Pullman Strike highlighted the tensions between labor and capital.
• Political Corruption: The Gilded Age was marked by political corruption at both the local and national levels, with powerful business interests influencing government policies and politicians often engaging in bribery and patronage. This led to public distrust in government and calls for reform.

II. The Progressive Era (1900s-1917): A Response to the Gilded Age

The Progressive Era emerged as a reaction to the social and economic problems of the Gilded Age. Progressive reformers sought to address issues like poverty, corruption, and inequality through government intervention and social reform. This movement drew support from diverse groups, including middle-class reformers, labor activists, and religious leaders.

Key Concepts and Themes:

• Muckrakers: Journalists and writers who exposed corruption and social problems, including Upton Sinclair's The Jungle, which revealed the unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry.
• Progressive Reforms: A wide range of reforms aimed at improving society, including:
  • Political Reforms: Initiatives like the initiative, referendum, and recall aimed to increase citizen participation in government.
  • Economic Reforms: Trust-busting (breaking up monopolies), regulating big business, and promoting fairer competition.
  • Social Reforms: Improving working conditions, promoting women's suffrage, addressing child labor, and improving public health.
• Key Figures: Progressive leaders such as Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and Jane Addams played crucial roles in shaping the era's reforms. Roosevelt's "Square Deal" and Wilson's "New Freedom" reflected their approaches to addressing societal challenges.
• Amendments: The 16th (income tax), 17th (direct election of senators), 18th (Prohibition), and 19th (women's suffrage) amendments were all products of the Progressive Era, reflecting the era's commitment to expanding democracy and addressing social issues.
• Imperialism: While not strictly a Progressive movement initiative, the expansion of American influence overseas during this period is an important context to consider, particularly the Spanish-American War and its aftermath. Debates about American imperialism and its moral implications were also central to the Progressive Era discussion.

III. Connecting the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era

It's crucial to understand the relationship between these two periods. The Progressive Era was, in many ways, a direct response to the problems created by the Gilded Age's unregulated capitalism and rapid industrialization. The excesses of the Gilded Age – wealth inequality, monopolies, corrupt politics, and exploitative labor practices – fueled the demand for reform that characterized the Progressive Era. Understanding this cause-and-effect relationship is essential for a strong understanding of this period.

IV. Preparing for the APUSH Unit 6 Progress Check

To successfully complete the APUSH Unit 6 Progress Check, consider the following strategies:

• Master Key Concepts: Thoroughly understand the key terms, events, and individuals discussed above. Focus on the causes and effects of each event and the interconnections between different aspects of the era.
• Practice Multiple Choice Questions: Familiarize yourself with the format and style of the progress check questions. Practice questions will help you identify areas where you need further review.
• Analyze Primary Sources: Engage with primary sources from the period, such as political cartoons, letters, speeches, and newspaper articles. Analyzing these sources will enhance your understanding of the perspectives and experiences of people during this time.
• Develop Strong Essay Writing Skills: The progress check likely includes essay questions. Practice writing clear, concise, and well-supported essays that demonstrate your understanding of the key concepts and historical context. Use the provided documents effectively to support your arguments. Practice structuring your arguments effectively, focusing on thesis statements, topic sentences, and evidence.
• Review Your Notes and Textbook: Your class notes and textbook are invaluable resources. Review them thoroughly, paying close attention to the key themes and concepts highlighted by your teacher.
• Utilize Online Resources: While avoiding external links as instructed, consider consulting reputable online resources for supplemental information. Focus on resources provided by educational institutions or organizations, ensuring they align with the APUSH curriculum. Look for resources which offer practice questions and interactive exercises.

V. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

• What is the best way to study for the APUSH Unit 6 Progress Check? The best approach is a combination of reviewing your class materials, practicing multiple-choice questions, analyzing primary sources, and writing practice essays. Spaced repetition and active recall techniques are very effective.

• What are the most important events in Unit 6? Key events include the rise of industrial giants, major labor strikes (Haymarket, Pullman), the Spanish-American War, the Progressive Era reforms, and the passage of key amendments.

• How can I improve my essay writing skills for the progress check? Practice writing essays on different aspects of Unit 6. Focus on developing a clear thesis statement, providing strong evidence to support your arguments, and connecting your analysis to the broader historical context. Seek feedback on your writing from teachers or peers.

• What are some common mistakes students make on the APUSH Unit 6 Progress Check? Common mistakes include failing to connect events to broader historical themes, neglecting to analyze primary sources effectively, and providing insufficient evidence to support arguments in essays.

• What is the best way to remember all the key figures and events? Creating timelines, flashcards, and mind maps can be helpful for organizing information and improving retention. Connecting events to each other through cause-and-effect relationships can improve memory.

VI. Conclusion

The APUSH Unit 6 Progress Check assesses your understanding of a complex and transformative period in American history. By mastering the key concepts, individuals, and events of the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era, and by utilizing effective study strategies, you can confidently approach the progress check and demonstrate your knowledge of this fascinating era. Remember, the key is not just memorization, but a deep understanding of the causal relationships and the long-term implications of the events and movements covered in this unit. Good luck!