Unit 7 Progress Check Apush

Conquering the APUSH Unit 7 Progress Check: A Comprehensive Guide

The AP US History Unit 7 Progress Check covers the period from 1890 to 1945, a pivotal era marked by American expansionism, progressive reforms, participation in two world wars, and the rise of the United States as a global superpower. This guide offers a comprehensive review of the key themes, concepts, and events you need to master to excel on this assessment. Understanding this period is crucial for success on the AP US History exam, and this in-depth analysis will provide you with the tools you need to confidently navigate the progress check and beyond.

I. Introduction: Setting the Stage for a Turbulent Century

Unit 7 of AP US History delves into a period of profound transformation for the United States. The nation transitioned from a primarily agrarian society to an industrial giant, grappling with issues of immigration, urbanization, political corruption, and the growing pains of becoming a world power. This section sets the stage by examining the late 19th-century context that shaped the events of the 20th century. Key themes include:

• The Rise of Industrialism and its Consequences: This period witnessed unprecedented industrial growth, led by figures like Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller. Understanding the impact of industrialization on labor, the environment, and the economy is vital. Consider the rise of monopolies, the working conditions of factory workers, and the growing wealth disparity. Key concepts include laissez-faire economics, vertical and horizontal integration, and the rise of trusts.

• Progressive Era Reforms: Responding to the social and economic problems created by industrialization, the Progressive Era saw significant reform efforts aimed at improving working conditions, curbing corporate power, and expanding political participation. Familiarize yourself with key figures like Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and their respective policies. Understand the goals and limitations of Progressive reforms, including the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th Amendments.

• American Expansionism and Imperialism: The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw the United States emerge as a global power, expanding its influence through imperialism. Examine the Spanish-American War, the annexation of Hawaii, and the acquisition of territories in the Pacific and Caribbean. Understand the motivations behind American expansionism, including economic interests, strategic considerations, and racial ideologies.

II. World War I and its Aftermath:

The outbreak of World War I dramatically altered the course of American history. This section focuses on the United States' entry into the war, its impact on the home front, and the post-war period. Key concepts and events include:

• Neutrality and Intervention: Understand the reasons behind America's initial neutrality and the events that ultimately led to its declaration of war in 1917. Analyze the role of unrestricted submarine warfare, the Zimmerman Telegram, and the sinking of the Lusitania.

• The War's Impact on the Home Front: Explore the mobilization of the American economy and society for war. Examine the impact of the war on women, African Americans, and other minority groups. Analyze the role of propaganda and the limitations on civil liberties. The Espionage Act and the Sedition Act are particularly relevant here.

• The Treaty of Versailles and its Consequences: Analyze the terms of the Treaty of Versailles and its impact on the United States and the world. Understand the debate over the League of Nations and the reasons for American rejection of the treaty. This sets the stage for the isolationist sentiment of the 1920s and the challenges of the Great Depression.

III. The Roaring Twenties and the Great Depression:

This section contrasts the exuberance of the 1920s with the hardship and economic upheaval of the Great Depression. Key themes include:

• The Culture of the 1920s: Explore the social and cultural changes of the Roaring Twenties, including the rise of jazz music, flappers, and Prohibition. Analyze the tensions between traditional and modern values.

• Economic Boom and Bust: Understand the causes of the Great Depression, including overproduction, stock market speculation, and banking failures. Analyze the impact of the Depression on different segments of American society, including farmers, workers, and African Americans.

• Government Response to the Depression: Examine the policies of Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt in response to the Great Depression. Analyze the successes and failures of the Hoover administration and the New Deal programs. Key programs to understand include the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), the Works Progress Administration (WPA), and the Social Security Act.

IV. The Rise of Global Tensions and World War II:

This section focuses on the escalating international tensions that led to World War II and the United States' involvement in the conflict. Key themes include:

• American Isolationism and Appeasement: Analyze the reasons for American isolationism in the 1930s and the policy of appeasement towards Nazi Germany. Understand the changing public opinion as the threat of war grew.

• Pearl Harbor and Entry into WWII: Examine the events leading up to the attack on Pearl Harbor and the subsequent declaration of war. Analyze the impact of the attack on American public opinion and the mobilization of the American economy and military.

• The Home Front During WWII: Explore the mobilization of the American economy and society for World War II. Analyze the impact of the war on women, African Americans, and other minority groups. Understand the contributions of women to the war effort, both in factories and in the military. Also examine the experiences of Japanese Americans and the internment camps.

• The Allied Victory and the Atomic Bomb: Analyze the strategies and major battles of World War II. Understand the decision to use atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and the ethical considerations surrounding this decision. Examine the consequences of the war, including the beginning of the Cold War.

V. Key Figures and Their Impact:

Throughout Unit 7, several key figures played pivotal roles. Understanding their contributions and ideologies is crucial for a complete understanding of the period. This includes:

• Theodore Roosevelt: His "trust-busting" policies and expansionist foreign policy shaped the early 20th century.
• Woodrow Wilson: His role in World War I and his vision for a post-war world through the League of Nations were transformative, albeit ultimately unsuccessful in the US context.
• Herbert Hoover: His response (or lack thereof) to the Great Depression significantly impacted public perception and laid the groundwork for the New Deal.
• Franklin D. Roosevelt: His New Deal programs fundamentally reshaped the role of the federal government and offered a significant response to the economic crisis.
• Andrew Carnegie & John D. Rockefeller: Their contributions to industrialization, alongside the resulting social and economic consequences, are essential to understanding the era.

VI. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ):

• What is the difference between horizontal and vertical integration? Horizontal integration involves merging with competitors in the same industry, while vertical integration involves controlling all aspects of production, from raw materials to distribution.

• What were the main goals of the Progressive movement? The Progressive movement aimed to address social and economic problems caused by industrialization, including improving working conditions, curbing corporate power, and expanding political participation.

• What were the causes of the Great Depression? The Great Depression was caused by a combination of factors, including overproduction, stock market speculation, bank failures, and a decline in international trade.

• What were the major achievements and failures of the New Deal? The New Deal created many jobs, provided social security and relief, but didn't end the Great Depression entirely, nor did it fully address racial inequality.

• What were the long-term consequences of World War II? World War II led to the rise of the United States as a global superpower, the beginning of the Cold War, and the development of nuclear weapons. It also dramatically shifted global power dynamics.

VII. Conclusion: A Legacy of Change and Challenge

Unit 7 of AP US History covers a period of immense change and challenge. The United States transformed from a largely agrarian nation into a global power, grappling with the complexities of industrialization, war, and economic upheaval. By understanding the key themes, events, and figures of this era, you can build a strong foundation for success on the AP US History exam and develop a deeper appreciation for the shaping of modern America. Remember to focus on the interconnectedness of these events and the long-term consequences of each. Thorough understanding of the causes and effects of these events and the interplay between domestic and foreign policy will serve you well in the progress check and beyond. Good luck!